Method and apparatus for transmitting data in optical transport network

ABSTRACT

A method of transmitting data in an optical transport network is provided. The method comprises generating an optical transmission unit frame including an in-band area including a first area to which information data is allocated and a second area to which the information data is not allocated and an out-band area including parity information and transmitting the data through the optical transmission unit frame.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application No.12/718,495, filed Mar. 5, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,359,525. Thisapplication claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2009-0019465, 10-2009-0088141 and 10-2010-0019878filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Mar. 6, 2009, Sep.17, 2009 and Mar. 5, 2010, the entire contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(a) Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an optical transport network, and moreparticularly, to a method and an apparatus for transmitting data toimprove an error correction capability in the optical transport network.

(b) Description of the Related Art

In an optical transport network, forward error correcting (hereinafter,referred to as ‘FEC’) is performed in order to improve a transmissionperformance. ITU-T G.709 defines an optical channel transport unit(OTUk) and an optical channel data unit (ODUk) (k=1, 2, 3) in order tostably transmit a high-speed signal providing a large bandwidth in theoptical transport network. One OTUk includes the ODUk corresponding toinformation data including an overhead and a payload (optical channelpayload unit (OPUk)) and parity bytes for error correction of the ODUk.

Meanwhile, OTU1 has a bit rate of approximately 2.666 Gbit/s, OTU2 has abit rate of approximately 10.709 Gbit/s, OTU3 has a bit rate ofapproximately 43.018 Gbit/s, and OTU4 has a bit rate of approximately111.8 Gbit/s.

As such, when OTU4 transmits an optical signal of 100 Gbit/s or more,OTU4 has a transmission penalty higher than the existing OTUk (k=1, 2,3). Therefore, definition of an error correction code having aperformance higher than an error correction code of 4×256 bytes definedfor error correction in the existing OTUk is required. More parity bitsare required in order to improve the performance of the error correctioncode. Herein, when more parity bits are granted to the same informationdata, the bit rate further increases. That is, when the performance ofthe error correction code is improved as a transmission rate increases,the transmission rate further increases, thereby deteriorating thetransmission performance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made in an effort to provide a framestructure having an advantage of maintaining or improving an errorcorrection capability although a transmission rate increases in anoptical transport network.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method of atransmitting apparatus's transmitting data in an optical transportnetwork that comprises: generating an optical transmission unit frameincluding an in-band area including a first area to which informationdata is allocated and a second area to which the information data is notallocated and an out-band area including parity information andtransmitting the data through the optical transmission unit frame.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of areceiving apparatus's receiving data in an optical transport networkthat comprises: generating an optical transmission unit frame includingan in-band area including a first area including information data and asecond area to which the information data is not allocated and anout-band area including parity information; and performing an errorcorrection of the information data by using the parity informationincluded in the out-band area.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a transmittingapparatus in an optical transport network that comprises: a framegenerator generating an optical transmission unit frame including anin-band area including a first area to which information data isallocated and a second area to which the information data is notallocated and an out-band area including parity information; a mappermapping the information data to the first area; and a transmittertransmitting the information data mapped by the mapper.

Even when a transmission rate is 100 Gbit/s or more in an opticaltransport network, a frame structure capable of maintaining or improvingan error correction capability can be acquired. In addition, the errorcorrection capability can be further improved by adjusting a code lengthin an FEC structure. A plurality of tributary signals and a signal ofapproximately 100 Gbit/s can be transmitted using the frame structuredisclosed in the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of OTUk (k=1, 2, 3);

FIG. 2 illustrates one example of an FEC structure defined in OTUk (k=1,2, 3);

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a frame (e.g., OTU4) according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 4 to 7 are diagrams illustrating an FEC structure of OTU4 shown inFIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a method of mapping a tributary signalby using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 illustrates a method of mapping a 100G Ethernet signal by using aframe structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 10 illustrates another method of mapping a 100G Ethernet signal byusing a frame structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 11 illustrates yet another method of mapping a 100G Ethernet signalby using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 12 illustrates a method of mapping a 100G generic framing procedure(GFP) signal by using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 13 is a structure diagram receiving a 100G pseudo random bitsequence (PRBS) test signal by using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 14 illustrates a method of mapping a 1000 client signal by using aframe structure shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a transmitting apparatus in an opticaltransport network according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a frame structure shown in FIG. 3 in a40-byte (320-bit) parallel type;

FIGS. 17 and 18 are diagrams further including a flexible stuff S in a40-byte (320-bit) parallel-type frame structure;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a signal mapping device 1900 according toan exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a signal mapping device 2000 according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is an illustration diagram for describing an operation of anX-byte shifter 2070; and

FIG. 22 is a timing diagram of a signal for a timing generator 2010 tocontrol an X-byte shifter 2070 and a data and fixed stuff selector 2060.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodimentsof the invention are shown. As those skilled in the art would realize,the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, allwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded asillustrative in nature and not restrictive. Like reference numeralsdesignate like elements throughout the specification.

In addition, unless explicitly described to the contrary, the word“comprise” and variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will beunderstood to imply the inclusion of stated elements but not theexclusion of any other elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of OTUk (k=1, 2, 3).

Referring to FIG. 1, OTUk includes ODUk (1-byte column to 3824-bytecolumn) and an FEC area (3825-byte column to 4080-byte column). The FECarea as an area for error correction includes 4×256 parity bytes. ODUkincludes overheads OTUk OH, ODUk OH, and OPUk OH and a payload OPUk. Inthis specification, information data is allocated to an area constitutedby the overhead and the payload. Hereinafter, the area (1-byte column to3824-byte column) corresponding to ODUk is referred to as an in-bandarea and the FEC area (3825-byte column to 4080-byte column) is referredto as an out-band area.

FIG. 2 illustrates one example of an FEC structure defined in OTUk (k=1,2, 3).

Referring to FIG. 2, in order to generate parity information for FECwith respect to information data of one row of OTUk, a BCH encoder maybe used. BCH(a,b)_(c) is a cycle code for error correction. BCHrepresents initial alphabets of three discoverers of Bose, Chaudhuri,Hocque-nghem. Herein, a represents a length of BCH-coded informationdata, b represents a length of information data inputted into the BCHencoder, and c represents an unit (i.e., byte or bit) of the length. Thecoded information data may be called a codeword. Therefore, parityinformation of a-b is added through BCH(a,b).

First, when eight BCH(3860,3824)_(byte) encoders are used with respectto information data of 3824(16×239) bytes, parity data of 8×36 bits maybe generated. Next, when sixteen BCH(2040,1930)_(bit) encoders are usedwith respect to 3860 bytes outputted from the BCH(3860,3824)_(byte)encoder, parity data of 16×110 bits may be generated. Therefore, one rowof OTUk includes total 4080 bytes including the FEC area and when thisis constituted by four rows, the OTUk (k=1, 2, 3) frame structure shownin FIG. 1 is maintained.

Meanwhile, OTU4 of 100 Gbit/s has a transmission rate higher than OTUk(k=1, 2, 3) and a high transmission penalty. Accordingly, FEC having aperformance higher than the FEC defined in OTUk (k=1, 2, 3) is requiredfor error correction. However, since FEC needs more parity informationto have a high performance, more parity information should be defined inthe out-band area with respect to the same information data. Therefore,the transmission rate of OTU4 should be further increased. That is, asthe transmission rate increases, the FEC performance should be furtherincreased. When the FEC performance is increased, the transmission rateis further increased, thereby deteriorating the transmissionperformance. In order to solve the problem, a method not to allocate theinformation data to a part of the in-band area may be considered. Aremained part of the in-band area to which the information data is notallocated may be set as the fixed stuff FS or an additional parity bytefor the FEC. Hereinafter, a frame structure having an error correctionperformance suitable for the transmission rate of OTU4 will bedescribed.

FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a frame (e.g., OTU4) according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, OTU4 includes ODU4 to which the information data isallocated and an FEC area. Herein, the information data is not allocatedto a part of ODU 4, that is, a part of the in-band area. The part of thein-band area to which the information data is not allocated may be setas a fixed stuff FS or additional parity bytes for the FEC. That is,unlike the structure of OTUk (k=1, 2, 3) shown in FIG. 1, OPU4 which isa payload is defined up to the 3816-byte column and the FEC area isdefined up to the 3825-byte column to 4080-byte column and theadditional parity bytes for the fixed stuff or the FEC is definedbetween OPU4 and the area for the FEC. Hereinafter, for convenience of adescription, the additional parity bytes for the fixed stuff or the FECdefined between OPU4 and the area for the FEC is referred to as an FSarea.

Meanwhile, in FIG. 3, the FS area occupies an 8-byte column is shown,but is not limited thereto.

When the FS area is used as the fixed stuff, the FEC area shown in FIG.3 is the same as the FEC area of OTUk (k=1, 2, 3), but the informationdata of OTUk (k=1, 2, 3) decreases, thereby improving the errorcorrection performance. In addition, when the FS area is used as theadditional parity information for the FEC, the error correctionperformance may be improved while the transmission rate of the entireOTU4 is not increased any longer.

FIGS. 4 to 7 are diagrams illustrating an FEC structure of OTU4 shown inFIG. 3. In order to generate parity information for the FEC with respectto information data of one row of OTU4, a case in which a BCH encoder isused is shown. One row of OTU4 shown in each figure includes total 4080bytes including an FEC area and when this is constituted by four rows,the OTU4 frame structure shown in FIG. 2 is maintained.

Referring to FIG. 4, sixteen 4-bits (total 8 bytes) displayed on a239-byte column are the FS area shown in FIG. 3. First, when eightBCH(3852,3816)byte encoders are used with respect to information data of3816(16×239−8) bytes, parity data of 8×36 bits may be generated. Next,3860 bytes are generated by adding 8 bytes which are the FS area withrespect to 3852 bytes outputted from the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder.Next, when sixteen BCH(2040,1930)_(bit) encoders are used with respectto 3860 bytes, parity data of 16×110 bits may be generated.

The BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder can correct an error of maximum 3 bitslike the BCH(3860,3824)_(byte) encoder shown in FIG. 2. However,

BCH(3860,3824)_(byte) encoder corrects the error of 3 bits among 3860bits, but the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder corrects the error of 3 bitsamong 3852 bits. Therefore, the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder has thehigher error correction performance. That is, it is possible to improvethe error correction performance by applying the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte)encoder to the in-band area excluding the FS area.

Referring to FIG. 5, eight 8-bits (total 8 bytes) displayed on a478-byte column are the FS area shown in FIG. 3. First, when eightBCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoders are used with respect to information dataof 3816(16×239−8) bytes, parity data of 8×36 bits may be generated.Next, 3860 bytes are generated by adding 8 bytes which are the FS areawith respect to 3852 bytes outputted from the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte)encoder. Next, when eight BCH(4080,3860)_(bit) encoders are used withrespect to 3860 bytes, parity data of 8×220 bits may be generated. TheBCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder has the error correction performancehigher than the BCH(3860,3824)_(byte) encoder. As such, it is possibleto improve the error correction performance by applying theBCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder to the in-band area excluding the FS area.

Referring to FIG. 6, sixteen 4-bits (total 8 bytes) displayed on a255-byte column are the FS area shown in FIG. 3. First, when eightBCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoders are used with respect to information dataof 3816(16×238+8) bytes, parity data of 8×36 bits may be generated. 3852bytes outputted using the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder are located upto a 241^(st) column. Next, when sixteen BCH(2036.1926)_(bit) encodersare used with respect to 3852 bytes outputted from theBCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder, parity data of 16×110 bits may begenerated. Next, 4080 bytes are generated by adding 8 bytes which arethe FS area with respect to 4072 bytes outputted from theBCH(2036,1926)_(byte) encoder.

The BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder has the error correction performancehigher than the BCH(3860,3824)_(byte) encoder. Meanwhile, in FIG. 6, theBCH(2036,1926)_(bit) encoder is used instead of the BCH(2040,1930)_(bit)encoder. The BCH(2040,1930)_(bit) encoder and the BCH(2036,1926)_(bit)encoder are the same as each other in that both encoders correct anerror of maximum 11 bits, but the BCH(2036,1926)_(bit) encoder correctsthe error of 11 bits among information data of 1926 bits to thereby havethe error correction performance higher than the BCH(2040,1930)_(bit)encoder. In particular, the FEC structure shown in FIG. 6 can acquire ahigher performance by shortening the existing BCH encoder. Accordingly,the error correction performance can be improved without largelymodifying the existing design.

Referring to FIG. 7, a case in which an FS area is used as additionalparity bytes for an FEC will be described. For example, 264 bytesacquired adding 8 bytes of an in-band area and 256 bytes of an out-bandarea to each other are used as the area for the FEC.

First, when eight BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoders are used with respectto information data of 3816(16×238+8) bytes, parity data of 8×36 bitsmay be generated. 3852 bytes outputted using the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte)encoder are located up to a 482 column. Next, when eightBCH(4080,3852)_(bit) encoders are used with respect to 3852 bytesoutputted from the BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder, parity data of 8×228bits may be generated.

The BCH(3852,3816)_(byte) encoder has the error correction performancehigher than the BCH(3860,3824)_(byte) encoder. In addition, theBCH(4080,3852)_(bit) encoder has an error correction performance ofmaximum 19 bits. Accordingly, the FEC structure shown in FIG. 7 has thehighest error correction performance.

As described above, the OTU4 frame structure shown in FIG. 3 canefficiently correct an error while transmitting a signal ofapproximately 100 Gbit/s. Hereinafter, a method of mapping a pluralityof tributary signals of a total 100 Gbit/s capability or a signal ofapproximately 100 Gbit/s will be described through the OTU4 framestructure shown in FIG. 3. Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 3, an overheadof the OTU4 frame is defined from a 1-byte column to a 16-byte columnand OPU4 which is a payload is defined from a 17-byte column to a3816-byte column (total 3800-byte columns). 3817-byte column to a3824-byte column are defined as an FS area to be used as additionalparity bytes for a fixed stuff or an FEC. The plurality of tributarysignals or the 100 Gbit/s signal are mapped to OPU4 which is thepayload.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a method of mapping a tributary signalby using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 8, as one example in which 3800-byte columnscorresponding to OPU4 are allocated as tributary slots, 80 tributaryslots are evenly allocated to the 17-byte column to the 3776-byte columnand 40-byte columns of 3777 to 3816-byte columns may be furtherdistributed for 80 tributary slots distributed to the 17 to 3776-bytecolumns. As such, OPU4 is divided into 80 1.25G tributary slots and a1.25G signal may be transmitted through each tributary slot in a timedivision multiplexing (TDM) scheme.

FIG. 9 illustrates a method of mapping a 100G Ethernet signal by using aframe structure shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 9, a 1000 Ethernet signal is mapped to the 3800-bytecolumns which are OPU4. The capacity of OPU4 is approximately104.136740088 Gbit/s (=4080/3800×OTU4 bit rate)±20 ppm and the bit rateof the 100G Ethernet signal is 103.125 Gb/s±100 ppm. Therefore, OPU4 canbit-transparently receive the 100G Ethernet signal. At this time, adifference between the capacity of OPU4 and the bit rate of the 100GEthernet signal is approximately 1.011740088 Gb/s and differencesections can be filled by mapping additional fixed stuffs. For example,18-byte columns of 972 to 976-byte columns, 16-byte columns of 1921 to1936-byte columns, and 16-byte columns of 2881 to 2896-byte columns canbe mapped with the additional fixed stuffs. Herein, a negativejustification opportunity (NJO) defined in a 16-th column and positivejustification opportunities (PJO) defined in 17 to 20-th columns arebytes for justification of the clock speed of OPU4 and the clock speedof the 100G Ethernet signal.

FIG. 10 illustrates another method of mapping a 100G Ethernet signal byusing a frame structure shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 10, a serial number is allocated to each byte in orderto map the 1000 Ethernet signal to 3800-byte columns which are OPU4.OPU4 can be allocated to #1 to #15200(4*3800).

Meanwhile, due to the difference between the capacity of OPU4 and thebit rate of the 1000 Ethernet signal, only 15018 to 15023 bytes among15200 bytes of OPU4 may be mapped for the 100G Ethernet signal and therest 177 to 182 bytes may be mapped with additional fixed stuffs. Forexample, the additional fixed stuffs may be mapped in accordance with asignal-delta scheme. Assuming that the serial number allocated to eachbyte of OPU4 is n, when n satisfies (n×m) mod 15200<m, the 100G Ethernetsignal is mapped to an n-th byte and when n satisfies (n×m) mod 15200≧m,an additional fixed stuff may be mapped to the n-th byte.

FIG. 11 illustrates yet another method of mapping a 100G Ethernet signalby using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 11, 80 bytes of OPU4 may be grouped as one group inorder to map the 100G Ethernet signal to the 3800-byte columns which areOPU4. OPU4 is constituted by total 15200 bytes to be thus divided intototal 190 groups. The number of each group may be allocated as shown inFIG. 12. For example, in one row of OPU4, first 80 bytes may beallocated to a first group and subsequent 80 bytes may be allocated to asecond group. Accordingly, the 100G Ethernet signal may be mapped by theunit of consecutive 80 bytes or the additional fixed stuff may bemapped.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method of mapping a 100G generic framing procedure(GFP) by using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 12, as one example in which the 100G GFP frame ismapped to OPU4, the GFP frame is mapped to an OPU4 area excluding the FSarea. At this time, the GFP frame has a variable length. In FIG. 12, theGFP frame has a length of 4 bytes to 65535 bytes, but the length of theGFP frame is not limited. Accordingly, the GFP frame may intersect aboundary of OPU4.

Meanwhile, for encapsulation of the GFP frame, an idle frame may beinserted into the first part or the last part of the GFP frame. As aresult, the GFP frame may be mapped with consecutive bit streams havinga capacity equal to the capacity of the OPU4 area. The GFP frame isscrambled during encapsulation. At the step where the GFP frame ismapped to OPU4, bit rate adaptation or scrambling is not required.Herein, overheads of 15 and 16-th columns include a 1-byte payloadstructure identifier PSI and a 7-byte reserved area RES. The PSIincludes a payload type PT, a client signal failure CSF, and a reservedarea of 254 bytes.

FIG. 13 is a structure diagram receiving a 100G pseudo random bitsequence (PRBS) test signal by using a frame structure shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 13, the PRBS test signal may be mapped to the OPU4area of 4×3800 bytes. PRBS (2³¹−1) of 2,147,483,647 bits for a test maybe mapped to the OPU4 area. At this time, the PRBS signal of2,147,483,647 bits may be mapped by the unit of consecutive 8 bits (8D),that is, by the unit of one byte. Meanwhile, the OPU4 overhead formapping the PRBS is constituted by the payload type PT, the clientsignal failure CSF, and a payload structure identifier PSI constitutedby 254 reserved bytes and 7 reserved bytes.

FIG. 14 illustrates a method of mapping a 100G client signal by using aframe structure shown in FIG. 3. The 100G client signal represents apredetermined client signal having a capacity of 100G in addition to theGFP frame and the PRBS test signal shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Referringto FIG. 14, the 100G client signal is encapsulated with consecutive bitstreams having a bit rate of OPU4 and may be then mapped to the OPU4area. Herein, the case of the bit stream may include predeterminedjustification while the consecutive bit streams are generated to besynchronized with OPU4. The consecutive bit streams may be scrambledbefore being mapped to the OPU payload. The OPU4 overhead for mapping isconstituted by the payload type PT, the client signal failure CSF, andthe payload structure identifier PSI constituted by 254 reserved bytesand 7 bytes for a client specification (CS).

As such, a predetermined client signal may be mapped to a part (i.e.,3800-byte columns) of the in-band area and the rest part (i.e., 8-bytecolumns) may be set as the FS area. The FS area may be used as the fixedstuff or the additional parity byte for the FEC. Herein, the FS areaincludes the 8-byte columns, but is not limited thereto. The FS area maybe set to a predetermined range among 1 to 3807-byte columns.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a transmitting apparatus in an opticaltransport network according to an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

Referring to FIG. 15, a transmitting device 100 includes a signal mapper110, a frame generator 120, and a transmitter 130. The signal mapper 110maps a signal, that is, information data to a frame. The signal mapper110 may map a plurality of tributary signals, an Ethernet signal, ageneric framing procedure (GFP) signal, a pseudo random bit sequence(PRBS) test signal, and a predetermined client signal. The signalsmapped by the signal mapper 110 may have a bit rate of, for example, 100Gbit/s. Specifically, the signal mapper 110 may map a 100G signal to anOTU4 frame by methods shown in FIGS. 8 to 14. The frame generator 120generates a frame to include an in-band area including an area allocatedfor information data and an area allocated for a fixed stuff oradditional parity information for FEC and an out-band area includingparity information for the FEC. For example, the frame generator 120 mayperform FEC encoding by methods shown in FIGS. 4 to 7. The transmitter130 transmits the signals mapped to the frame to a receiving device.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a frame structure shown in FIG. 3 in a40-byte (320-bit) parallel type.

Referring to FIG. 16, in the case in which one row of the frame includesthe fixed stuff FS of 8 bytes, 3800 bytes other than the fixed stuff of8 bytes as shown in FIG. 3, an overhead OH of 16 bytes, and FEC of 256bytes are allocated to the information data. 3800 are the multiple of40. Therefore, when 3800 are parallel-processed with 40 bytes, theinformation data of 3800 bytes is mapped every 95 clocks. That is, inthe case in which one frame constituted by 4 rows includes a fixed stuffFS of 4×8 bytes and is parallel-processed with 40 bytes, informationdata of 15200(4×3800) bytes may be mapped with the maximum 380(95×4)clocks.

FIGS. 17 and 18 are diagrams further including a flexible stuff S in a40-byte (320-bit) parallel-type frame structure.

Referring to FIG. 17, the frame further includes a flexible stuff S of160(2×80) bytes. Accordingly, information data of 15040 bytes (15200bytes−160 bytes) may be mapped to the frame shown in FIG. 17.

Referring to FIG. 18, the frame further includes a flexible stuff S of80 bytes. Accordingly, information data of 15120 bytes (15200 bytes−80bytes) may be mapped to the frame shown in FIG. 18.

In the case in which the payload transmission speed of the frame isdifferent from the transmission speed of the mapped information data,that is, in the case of asynchronous mapping, the flexible stuff may beused in order to compensate the difference in the transmission rate. Forexample, in the case in which the flexible stuff of 160(2×80) bytes isincluded in the frame, when the speed of the signal of the informationdata is higher than the speed of a payload output signal of the frame(that is, when the number of signals to be transmitted increases), aflexible stuff of 80 bytes among the flexible stuff of 160 bytes may bedecreased and additional information data of 80 bytes may be loaded andtransmitted. In contrast, in the case in which the flexible stuff of 80bytes is included in the frame, when the speed of the signal of theinputted information data is lower than the speed of the payload outputsignal of the frame, the flexible stuff of 80 bytes is further includedto averagely make the speed of the inputted information data and thespeed of the outputted frame payload signal be equal to each other.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a signal mapping device 1900 according toan exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 19, the signal mapping device 1900 includes a timinggenerator 1910, an elastic buffer 1920, a stuff generator 1930, and adata and stuff selector 1940.

The elastic buffer 1920 stores information data and outputs theinformation data in accordance with an output timing of information datareceived from the timing generator 1910. The timing generator 1910receives a frame start signal FSS and then provides the output timing ofthe information data. When the frame is parallel-processed with 40bytes, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the stuff generator 1930 generates astuff of 40 bytes (that is, a value of 0) and transfers the stuff to thedata and stuff selector 1940. The data and stuff selector 1940 selectsany one of the information data outputted from the elastic buffer 1920and the stuff outputted from the stuff generator 1930 to time-multiplexthe stuff and the information data. The data and stuff selector 1940 mayselect the information data or the stuff on the basis of a selectiontiming signal received from the timing generator 1910. At this time, inthe case in which a fixed stuff of 8 bytes is used in FIGS. 17 and 18,when the value of 0 is inserted into total 40 bytes together with 32bytes of an FEC parity area, the value of 0 of 40 bytes generated by thestuff generator 1930 is used. Likewise, the value of 0 of 40 bytes isused and inserted into all locations of 220 bytes of the FEC parity areaother than 36 bytes. That is, the value of 0 may be inserted into alllocations of FS 8 bytes and FEC parity 256 bytes in addition to thestuff of 40 bytes in FIGS. 17 and 18 by using only the stuff generator1930.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a signal mapping device 2000 according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 20, the signal mapping device 2000 includes a timinggenerator 2010, an elastic buffer 2020, a stuff generator 2030, a dataand stuff selector 2040, a fixed stuff generator 2050, a data and fixedstuff selector 2060, and an X-byte shifter 2070.

The elastic buffer 2020 stores information data and outputs theinformation data in accordance with an output timing of information datareceived from the timing generator 2010. The X-byte shifter 2070 shiftsthe information data outputted from the elastic buffer 2020 by X bytesin accordance with a control signal from the timing generator 2010. Inthe case in which, a fixed stuff of m bytes is inserted, a value of X is(8-m) mod 40. When (8-m) mod N has a negative value, a multiple of 40 isadded to X to have a positive value. For example, in the case in whichthe 40-byte parallel processing (N=40) is performed as shown in FIGS. 17and 18 and the fixed stuff of 8 bytes (m=8) is inserted, the value of Xis 0 and the X-byte shifter 2070 does not shift the information data byany value. If 40-byte parallel processing (N=40) is performed and afixed stuff of 0 byte (m=0) is inserted, the value of X is 8 bytes andthe X-byte shifter 2070 shifts the information data by 8 bytes.Likewise, if the 40-byte parallel processing (N=40) is performed and afixed stuff of 16 byte (m=16) is inserted, the value of X is 32 bytesacquired by converting −8 bytes to a positive value and the X-byteshifter 2070 shifts the information data by 32 bytes.

When N-byte parallel processing is performed as shown in FIGS. 17 and18, the stuff generator 2030 generates a stuff of N bytes (that is, avalue of 0) and transfers the stuff to the data and stuff selector 2040.

The data and stuff selector 2040 selects any one of the information dataoutputted from the X-byte shifter 2070 and the stuff outputted from thestuff generator 230 to time-multiplex the stuff and the information dataas shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. The data and stuff selector 2040 may selectthe information data or the stuff on the basis of a selection timingsignal received from the timing generator 2010.

The fixed stuff generator 2050 generates a stuff of N-X bytes (that is,a value of 0) and transfers the stuff to the data and fixed stuffselector 2060. In the case of using the fixed stuff of m bytes in theframe, the value of X can be acquired in accordance with the value of Nof the parallel processing byte and the fixed stuff generator 2050 thusgenerates the value of 0 of the N-X bytes.

The data and fixed stuff selector 2060 transfers N bytes outputted fromthe data and stuff selector 2040 to the frame generator at a datatransmission timing, but transfers X bytes among N bytes outputted fromthe data and stuff selector 240 at a timing to add the fixed stuff tothe frame generator as it is and transfers the rest N-X bytes to theframe generator by selecting N-X bytes generated by the fixed stuffgenerator 2050. The timing generator 2010 provides information on thedata transmission timing or the timing to add the fixed stuff to thedata and fixed stuff selector 2060.

For example, when the 100G GFP signal is transferred while being mappedto the OPU4 signal as shown in FIG. 12, the signal mapping device ofFIG. 20 may be used in the case of support 0 byte or 8 bytes for thefixed stuff. In the case in which 8 bytes are used for the fixed stuff,that is, in the case in which m=8 and N=40, the value of X is 0.Therefore, the X-byte shifter 2070 does not shift any byte. Further, thefixed stuff generator 2050 also generates a value of 0 of 40 bytesbecause X=0. The data and fixed stuff selector 2060 selects andtransmits the fixed stuff of 40 bytes and the stuff to the framegenerator instead of the information data at the timing to insert thefixed stuff, that is, 96, 198, 300, and 402 clock timings when 408clocks are one frame cycle as shown in FIG. 17.

In the case in which 0 byte are used for the fixed stuff, that is, inthe case in which m=0 and N=40, the value of X is 8. Therefore, theX-byte shifter 2070 shifts 8 byte every row 2, 3, and 4 of the frame.Further, the fixed stuff generator 2050 generates a value of 0 of 32bytes. The data and fixed stuff selector 2060 selects upper 8 bytes asdata and transfers it to the frame generator and selects the rest 32bytes as the fixed stuff and transfers it to the frame generator at thetiming to insert the fixed stuff, that is, at 96, 198, 300, and 402clock timings when 408 clocks are is one frame cycle. As such, it ispossible to map the signal while changing the value of the fixed stuffto be used.

FIG. 21 is an illustration diagram for describing an operation of anX-byte shifter 2070 and FIG. 22 is a timing diagram of a signal for atiming generator 2010 to control an X-byte shifter 2070 and a data andfixed stuff selector 2060.

Referring to FIG. 22, the data and fixed stuff selector 2060 inserts thefixed stuff in accordance with a fixed stuff selection (FS_Sel) signal.Therefore, in order to transfer the information data outputted from theelastic buffer 2020 in full, a shift enable signal Shift en is high sothat the information data is shifted by X bytes in the X-byte shifter2070.

Referring to FIG. 21, when the 40-byte parallel processing is performed,a name is given in the order of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 every 8 bytes and thesignal of the timing outputted from each elastic buffer 2020 is calledA, B. Signal (1) is a signal when the data outputted from the elasticbuffer 2020 is outputted without byte shifting. In the case in which thefixed stuff is 8 bytes, that is, in the case in which m=8 and N=40, thevalue of X is 0. Therefore, the X-byte shifter 2070 needs not to shiftany byte. The signal (1) is outputted in the X-byte shifter 2070 as itis.

However, in the case in which 0 byte is used for the fixed stuff (thatis, the value of X is 8 in the case in which m=0 and N=40), as shown inFIG. 22, only data of 8 bytes among the information data of 40 bytesoutputted from the elastic buffer 2020 is transferred to the framegenerator and the rest 32 bytes are inserted into the value of 0 at atiming when a 96-th fixed stuff of each row every frame is inserted,that is a timing when the fixed stuff selection signal FS_Sel generatedby the timing generator 2010 is high. Therefore, in order to transferthe rest 32 bytes at a subsequent row of the frame which is a subsequentdata insertion timing, the X-byte shifter 2070 shifts 8 bytes while theshift enable signal(Shift_en) is high.

As such, in the case in which 0 byte is used for the fixed stuff, theX-byte shifter 2070 shifts the information data by 8 bytes and outputsit every column 2, 3, and 4 of the frame, that is, whenever the shiftenable signal Shift_en is high. That is, the X-byte shifter 2070 outputssignal (2) acquired by shifting the signal (1) by 8 bytes from a103^(rd) timing when a second row of the frame is started. That is, theX-byte shifter 2070 outputs signal (3) acquired by shifting the signal(2) by 8 bytes from a 205^(th) timing when a third row of the frame isstarted. The X-byte shifter 2070 outputs signal (4) acquired by shiftingthe signal (3) by 8 bytes from a 307^(th) timing when a fourth row ofthe frame is started.

The above-mentioned exemplary embodiments of the present invention arenot embodied only by an apparatus and method. Alternatively, theabove-mentioned exemplary embodiments may be embodied by a programperforming functions that correspond to the configuration of theexemplary embodiments of the present invention, or a recording medium onwhich the program is recorded.

While this invention has been described in connection with what ispresently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the disclosedembodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover variousmodifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit andscope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for transmitting client signal in anoptical transport network, comprising: generating an opticaltransmission unit (OTU) frame including an in-band area and an out-bandarea, wherein the in-band area includes a first area to which the clientsignal is allocated and a second area to which fixed stuff is allocated;and transmitting the client signal based on the OTU frame.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the second area locates in 8-byte area at the end ofthe in-band area.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second arealocates between the first area and the out-band area.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first area includes payload and overhead of theclient signal, wherein the overhead includes client signal failure (CSF)bit and a plurality of bytes for payload type (PT) of the payload. 5.The method of claim 1, wherein the client signal has a bitrate close to104.134G.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the OTU frameincludes, mapping the client signal to the first area, wherein themapping the client signal includes, adding justification information tothe first area.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the out-band areaincludes information for forward error correction (FEC).
 8. A method fortransmitting tributary signal in an optical transport network,comprising: generating an optical transmission unit(OTU) frame includingan in-band area and an out-band area, wherein the in-band area includesa first area to which the tributary signal is allocated and a secondarea to which fixed stuff is allocated; and transmitting the tributarysignal based on the OTU frame.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein thesecond area locates in 8-byte area at the end of the in-band area. 10.The method of claim 8, wherein the second area locates between the firstarea and the out-band area.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein thegenerating the OTU frame includes, dividing the first area into aplurality of tributary slots; and mapping the tributary signals to theplurality of tributary slots.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein thedividing the first area includes, dividing the first area into 80tributary slots.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the dividing thefirst area includes, dividing the first area into a plurality of 1.25Gtributary slots.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the mappingincludes, mapping the tributary signal to the plurality of tributaryslots in a time-division multiplexing scheme.
 15. The method of claim 8,wherein the out-band area includes information for forward errorcorrection (FEC).
 16. An apparatus of transmitting data signal in anoptical transport network, the apparatus comprising: a frame generatorconfigured to generate an optical transmission unit(OTU) frame includingan in-band area and an out-band area, wherein the in-band area includesa first area to which the data signal is allocated and a second area towhich fixed stuff is allocated, and a transmitter configured to transmitthe data signal based on the OTU frame.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16,wherein the out-band area includes information for forward errorcorrection (FEC).
 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the data signalis a client signal.
 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the datasignal is a tributary signal.